• Focused deterrence programs take a holistic, evidence-based approach to crime reduction by identifying and targeting frequent offenders with both increased services and increased enforcement.
• While effective in theory, focused deterrence initiatives often falter over time due to fragmented, siloed data; outdated information systems; and insufficient resources to support end-to-end criminal justice workflows.
• A high-quality data integration and analytics solution like Peregrine provides the analytical and data sharing capabilities required for the sustained success of a focused deterrence program.
• Peregrine also offers a collaborative platform for agencies across the criminal justice system, supporting every stage of focused deterrence — from identifying the problem to carrying out enforcement and reporting outcomes.

Focused deterrence programs aim to reduce crime by addressing the root causes of criminal behavior through a targeted, collaborative approach founded on a few key strategies:

• Targeted enforcement for individuals or groups driving specific crimes
• Community engagement to build trust and encourage cooperation
• Strategic partnerships with local organizations, service providers, and community leaders to support long-term change

These initiatives focus on a narrow set of high-risk offenders, using a mix of targeted sanctions and incentives to deter their criminal behavior. Research confirms that focused deterrence policies have significant positive effects over time; however, these programs also present a data-related challenge: determining which individuals and groups are the majority drivers in each targeted category of crime.

For example, a city implementing a gun violence intervention program must be able to identify and offer targeted services to the handful of offenders responsible for the majority of gun violence in their community. This process requires the city to unify its fragmented data systems; balance privacy with operational security; align diverse stakeholder metrics; and coordinate collaboration among law enforcement, community groups, and social services — all amid competing priorities and limited resources.

Historically, many focused deterrence initiatives have dwindled after initial success because stakeholders were unable to address long-term challenges with fragmented and siloed data. To ensure the sustained success of focused deterrence programs, local governments must invest in technology that integrates and cleans critical crime data while enabling real-time information sharing between agencies and jurisdictions.

The challenges

The very elements that make focused deterrence programs powerful also create complex operational hurdles that communities must overcome to achieve meaningful results. In focused deterrence, success depends not just on leadership or community engagement, but also on effective technology. This translates to significant technical and analytical challenges that cause high opportunity costs at nearly every phase of a focused deterrence program.

Data silos and fragmented systems

Focused deterrence requires the ability to identify the most frequent offenders in each targeted area of crime. This involves pulling together data from multiple sources, such as 911 calls, police reports, probation and parole records, and crime labs. However, most jurisdictions operate with siloed data systems that are designed to collect data, but not share or analyze it.

Often, each department uses its own platform, formats, and data governance rules, making it difficult for partner agencies to build a unified picture as the pieces to the puzzle are spread across systems. Gaining understanding from this data is resource-intensive, as officers and analysts often spend more time hunting for and cleaning data than they do analyzing or acting on it.

This problem compounds as more law enforcement agencies — like police, probation, federal agencies, prosecutors, and other criminal justice stakeholders — get involved. Critical information becomes fragmented across separate systems, hampering both the identification of violent offenders and the essential cross-agency collaboration that determines the success of any focused deterrence program.

Manual workload for partners

Because data access is so fractured and inconsistent, cities typically rely on small teams of analysts and researchers performing labor-intensive work to link records, run data analysis, and prepare reports for weekly strategy meetings. They often use static spreadsheets or slide decks for multi-agency briefings, hindering real-time collaboration across departments.

Without automated systems to handle data or a shared platform for collaboration, the analytical process becomes a bottleneck. Collaboration hurdles also increase the chance of error or miscommunication, especially when sharing sensitive law enforcement information.

Barriers to secure data sharing

Focused deterrence thrives on interagency collaboration, but that collaboration must be mindful of data security and access requirements. Sharing personally identifiable information, criminal histories, police reports, and other law enforcement data — especially with other jurisdictions or non-sworn community partners — requires robust privacy protocols, clear memoranda of understanding, and regular compliance audits to maintain both operational effectiveness and public trust.

Current methods are rarely robust enough to ensure law enforcement, social services, and community organizations access only the data necessary for their roles, leading to administrative delays that could impede timely intervention. A well-designed system provides role-based access controls and encryption to safeguard sensitive information. It should also automatically generate audit trails and simplify compliance reporting.

Lack of tailored information and common understanding

Despite data collection and analysis efforts, data visualization rarely facilitates shared understanding across stakeholders. Police, outreach workers, city officials, and community leaders have diverse information needs and access requirements. Most focused deterrence programs lack dynamic dashboards or role-based views that translate complex insights into actionable information.

The lack of a common operating picture results in ineffective meetings, redundant efforts, and insufficient real-time situational awareness. Likewise, the absence of a collaborative platform hinders a coordinated response.

Insufficient resources for enforcement and reporting

Identifying frequent offenders is just the first battle of focused deterrence. Once implemented, these programs only hold water if cities can carry out their promised sanctions; in other words, cities must have the resources to investigate and prosecute the cases brought when targeted individuals re-offend. To support participation across a city’s entire justice system — from policing and investigations to prosecution and corrections — agencies need a common platform that enables a cohesive end-to-end workflow without eating up precious resources.

At the same time, cities must be able to monitor and evaluate their focused deterrence programs so they can measure and report outcomes and adjust strategies as needed. This can be a costly process as well, with many local governments pouring resources into researchers to gather data, analyze metrics, create visualizations, and share information with stakeholders on a regular cadence. Ideally, the collaborative platform supporting agencies’ end-to-end justice workflow will also automate this evaluation process, saving funds and man hours.

The solution

Peregrine addresses common challenges to focused deterrence and enables the long-term success of these programs by bringing together fractured data from siloed systems — both within and across departments and jurisdictions — in one secure platform. Peregrine provides crime data, supports investigations, and tracks critical metrics to assist in identifying and targeting frequent offenders.

Here’s how an effective data integration and analytics platform like Peregrine can strengthen a focused deterrence initiative:

• Identifying high-risk offenders. Peregrine helps agencies identify the high-risk individuals and groups driving violence. It also maps offenders’ networks (including associates, locations, and vehicles) to support targeted enforcement and enables precision policing by highlighting specific offenders and hotspots, preventing broad-brush tactics.
• Integrating disparate data. Peregrine unifies data from multiple siloed sources — such as records management systems (RMS), computer-aided dispatch (CAD) systems, and automated license plate recognition (ALPR) systems — on one platform to support real-time crime analysis and criminal investigations. The platform provides advanced tools for creating dashboards and maps and analyzing trends for evidence-based decision-making.
• Supporting end-to-end criminal justice workflows. For agencies across the criminal justice system, Peregrine streamlines every aspect of focused deterrence, from identifying a problem and its most significant contributors to building and working prosecutable cases. Agencies can also use Peregrine to seamlessly and securely share information with social services providers and other external stakeholders, enabling continuous collaboration on strategies and interventions.
• Producing clear, shareable crime data reports. Peregrine streamlines the creation of data visualization tools such as maps, charts, and dashboards that update in real time. Agencies use these tools to measure outcomes, inform strategies, and report on the effectiveness of their focused deterrence programs to stakeholders and community members. Peregrine improves transparency and trust by making crime trends clear, understandable, and easily reportable.
• Unifying information across jurisdictions. Peregrine makes cross-jurisdictional information sharing simple by enabling instant data sharing on a CJIS-compliant platform. Peregrine users can conduct universal searches across partner agencies’ data sources and implement fine-grained access controls, allowing stakeholders to seamlessly access the information they need while maintaining proper security and privacy measures.

Support evidence-based crime reduction in your community

Even the most conceptually sound and empirically supported focused deterrence programs can quickly become operationally impractical due to challenges with data. Without an integrated data infrastructure, modern analytical tools, secure information sharing, and robust dashboard capabilities, crime reduction programs are often unsustainable, as they demand significant manual effort that creates a high opportunity cost and becomes too great to maintain over time.

A high-quality data integration solution alleviates many of the data challenges that cause focused deterrence initiatives to falter over time. To learn how Peregrine can enhance your city’s focused deterrence initiatives, contact our team to schedule a demo.